Anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate (99% Purity): Properties, Applications, and Handling Anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) is a highly versatile inorganic compound with a purity of 99%, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial, laboratory, and commercial applications. This white, crystalline solid is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the environment, and is highly soluble in water. Below is a detailed overview of its properties, uses, and safety considerations. Physical and Chemical Properties - Molecular Formula: MgSO₄ - Molecular Weight: 120.37 g/mol - Appearance: Fine white powder or granules - Melting Point: Decomposes at 1,124°C (2,055°F) - Solubility: Highly soluble in water (26.9 g/100 mL at 0°C), slightly soluble in alcohol, and insoluble in acetone - Hygroscopicity: Absorbs water rapidly, making it useful as a drying agent Key Applications 1. Desiccant (Drying Agent) Due to its strong hygroscopic nature, anhydrous magnesium sulfate is widely used to remove water traces from organic solvents in chemical synthesis and laboratory procedures. It is particularly favored in organic chemistry for drying liquids before distillation or reactions. 2. Agriculture and Horticulture Magnesium sulfate is an essential nutrient for plant growth, providing both magnesium (a central component of chlorophyll) and sulfur (necessary for protein synthesis). The anhydrous form is often used in controlled-release fertilizers or dissolved in irrigation systems. 3. Pharmaceutical and Medical Uses In medicine, magnesium sulfate serves as a magnesium supplement to treat deficiencies. It is also used in laxatives and as an anticonvulsant in eclampsia treatment. The anhydrous form ensures precise dosing in formulations. 4. Industrial Processes - Textiles: Acts as a weighting agent and fire retardant in fabric production. - Food Additive: Approved as an anti-caking agent and stabilizer (E-number E518). - Chemical Synthesis: A catalyst or reagent in various reactions, including Grignard reactions. 5. Laboratory Reagent High-purity anhydrous MgSO₄ is used in analytical chemistry for calibrations, sample preparations, and moisture-sensitive experiments. Safety and Handling - Storage: Must be kept in airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption. - Handling: Use gloves and eye protection to avoid irritation from dust. - Inhalation Risk: Minimize dust generation; use in well-ventilated areas. - Disposal: Follow local regulations for inorganic salts. Conclusion With its exceptional drying capacity, nutrient value, and chemical stability, 99% anhydrous magnesium sulfate is indispensable across multiple industries. Proper storage and handling ensure optimal performance and safety in its diverse applications.